Taiwan under Qing dynasty rule
Provintia
Mudan incident monument
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在清朝拿下台灣後,清朝對台灣的看法形成兩派,一派是包括施琅在內主張台灣位處交通樞紐是不可以放棄的一塊地,但另一派則是認為有沒有台灣這塊地都不會對清朝造成什麼影響並主張要放棄台灣,但在施琅的極力爭取下台灣劃入清朝版圖,並將台灣劃入福建省的管轄區內。西元1721年台灣歷史上第一次的叛亂朱一貴事件就此展開,西元1721年年初當地居民因不滿台灣當時的政府對於用米換錢的政策想要反抗,於是找了一位和明朝皇帝擁有相同姓氏的朱一貴為王反抗清朝。清朝將台灣劃入版圖後都是處於消極的態度在治理台灣直到朱一貴事件後才開始轉變持稍微積極一點的態度治理,並且將台灣設立成一個獨立的省分。在建省之後清朝開始允許人民來台灣開墾,但是卻不能攜帶家人也不允許女性來台開墾。因此也造成了很多人願意冒險偷渡過台灣海峽到台灣。除此之外也造成人口男女比例嚴重失衡和番漢通婚等問題。西元1786年開始到西元1788年發生了台灣歷史上規模最大的抗清事件「林爽文事件」。林爽文事件的由來是因為當時台灣的官員的制度是每三年會換一次,所以官員們就不會非常認真的去面對任何事情,導致台灣的變得非常亂時常發生械鬥,因此天地會變得越來越大成為了除貪汙的組織。不久後清朝政府開始注意到了這件事,於是解除天地會開始搜捕各地天地會會員,彆且藉機放火打結、濫殺無辜。這時天地會領袖林爽文再也無法忍受下去決定起兵反抗清兵,西元1787年林爽文所率領的清兵擊退清軍職志西元1788年清廷又派了更多的軍隊才平定林爽文的反抗。
19世紀清朝才開始真正面對所有台灣所面對的問題,開始積極地治理台灣,但在西元1856到1860年間清朝打輸了英法聯軍,並且簽定了北京條約,在條約內容中台灣開放了兩個港口。在這之後在西元1871年54名琉球漁民因為颱風發生船難漂流到了台灣南部的恆春半島被原住名殺害,日本政府藉機要清朝政府解決( 琉球還不是日本的 ),但清朝政府卻回答說「那塊地是始於原住民的土地我們管不到」為理由拒絕解決這件事。因此日本政府出兵想要攻打原住民,但卻到了台灣東部的牡丹社殺害了牡丹社的原住民,史稱「牡丹社事件」。之後清朝請日本撤兵並稱日本為「保民義舉」,日本人依據這句話認為琉球並非清朝土地,於是就把琉球納入版圖。但在這不久的西元1895年的甲午戰爭清朝打輸了日本,並簽訂了馬關條約,把台灣及澎湖割讓給日本,台灣正式進入日治時期。 |
After the Qing Dynasty took Taiwan, the Qing government divided into two factions. One is including Shi Lang which advocate Taiwan is located in an important location that can not give up, but the other part advocate that Taiwan won’t impact the Qing Dynasty at all and want the government to give up Taiwan. After Shi Lang's argued, the government put Taiwan into the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. In 1721 the first rebellion in Taiwan's history Zhu Yigui incident began. The reason of the rebellion is because the local residents are not satisfied with how government’s policy that use rice to change money, so they found Zhu Yigui who had the same surname as Ming dynasty emperor to against the Qing government. After the government decided to put Taiwan in their territory, the government disregarded to govern Taiwan until this rebellion. Besides, the government also set as a separate province. After Taiwan became a province, the government began to allow men to move to Taiwan, but they can not carry their families, so it caused a lot of people willing to smuggling through the Taiwan Strait to Taiwan, and this is also the reason caused the imbalance between men and women and Fan Han intermarriage issues. In 1786 to 1788, the largest anti-Qing event "Lin Shuangwen incident" began. This rebellion is because of the Qing government’s minister policy. The minister is from China and after three years they have to go back to China, so the ministers will not be very serious to face everything. This made Taiwan become very chaotic, so the civil organization Tain-Di group became bigger and bigger and start to fight the bad minister. Soon after that Qing government began to pay attention to this matter, so they send the army to suppress them, but the army take the opportunity to set fire and kill the innocent people. At that time the leader Lin Shuangwen can not stand this any more, so they decide to fight against the Qing soldiers. Until 1788, Qing government finally suppress the rebellion.
The Qing government finally face Taiwan’s issue seriously until 19 century. However, during 1856 to 1860, Qing Dynasty lost Second Opium War and signed the Beijing Treaty, so that Taiwan had to open two ports. After that, in 1871, 54 Ryukyu fishermen were killed by the aboriginal at Hengchun, the southern Taiwan, because of the typhoon drifting. The Japanese government took the opportunity to ask the Qing government to solve the problem, but the Qing government replied that "that part of lands are aborigines, so we can not manage" as a reason to refuse to solve this matter. Therefore, the Japanese government sent troops to attack the aborigines, but they sailed to the southeast side, and they thought the Mudan community are the people who killed the fishermen, so they kill them all. This incident known as the "Mudan incident." After the Qing Dynasty asked Japan to send their troops back and said what they did is protecting their people. The Japanese government according to this sentence that the Ryukyu is not the Qing Dynasty land, so they put the Ryukyu into their territory. In 1895, the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing Dynasty lost, so they signed ‘The treaty of Shimonoseki.’ In the treaty, Qing government ceded Taiwan and Penghu to Japan,so Taiwan began the Japanese rule period. |
Zhu Yigui
Shi Lang
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